Showing posts with label Original Texts. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Original Texts. Show all posts

Tuesday, January 26, 2016

Lesson No. 15 - The Angel And The Author - And Others - (Original Text)

The Angel And The Author - And Others
By Jerome K. Jerome

       I had a vexing dream one night, not long ago: it was about a fortnight after Christmas. I dreamt I flew out of the window in my nightshirt. I went up and up. I was glad that I was going up. “They have been noticing me,” I thought to myself. “If anything, I have been a bit too good. A little less virtue and I might have lived longer. But one cannot have everything.” The world grew smaller and smaller. The last I saw of London was the long line of electric lamps bordering the Embankment; later nothing remained but a faint luminosity buried beneath darkness. It was at this point of my journey that I heard behind me the slow, throbbing sound of wings. 

          I turned my head. It was the Recording Angel. He had a weary look; I judged him to be tired. 
         “Yes,” he acknowledged, “it is a trying period for me, your Christmas time.” 
        “I am sure it must be,” I returned; “the wonder to me is how you get through it all. You see at Christmas time,” I went on, “all we men and women become generous, quite suddenly. It is really a delightful sensation.” 
        “You are to be envied,” he agreed. 
     “It is the first Christmas number that starts me off,” I told him; “those beautiful pictures—the sweet child looking so pretty in her furs, giving Bovril with her own dear little hands to the shivering street arab; the good old red-faced squire shovelling out plum pudding to the crowd of grateful villagers. It makes me yearn to borrow a collecting box and go round doing good myself. 
       “And it is not only me—I should say I,” I continued; “I don’t want you to run away with the idea that I am the only good man in the world. That’s what I like about Christmas, it makes everybody good. The lovely sentiments we go about repeating! the noble deeds we do! from a little before Christmas up to, say, the end of January! why noting them down must be a comfort to you.” 
        “Yes,” he admitted, “noble deeds are always a great joy to me.” 
      “They are to all of us,” I said; “I love to think of all the good deeds I myself have done. I have often thought of keeping a diary—jotting them down each day. It would be so nice for one’s children.” 
        He agreed there was an idea in this. 
       “That book of yours,” I said, “I suppose, now, it contains all the good actions that we men and women have been doing during the last six weeks?” It was a bulky looking volume. 
        Yes, he answered, they were all recorded in the book. The Author tells of his Good Deeds. 
         It was more for the sake of talking of his than anything else that I kept up with him. I did not really doubt his care and conscientiousness, but it is always pleasant to chat about one’s self. “My five shillings subscription to the Daily Telegraph’s Sixpenny Fund for the Unemployed—got that down all right?” I asked him. 
            Yes, he replied, it was entered. 
        “As a matter of fact, now I come to think of it,” I added, “it was ten shillings altogether. They spelt my name wrong the first time.” 
          Both subscriptions had been entered, he told me. 
      “Then I have been to four charity dinners,” I reminded him; “I forget what the particular charity was about. I know I suffered the next morning. Champagne never does agree with me. But, then, if you don’t order it people think you can’t afford it. Not that I don’t like it. It’s my liver, if you understand. If I take more—” He interrupted me with the assurance that my attendance had been noted. 
           “Last week I sent a dozen photographs of myself, signed, to a charity bazaar.” 
           He said he remembered my doing so. “Then let me see,” I continued, “I have been to two ordinary balls. I don’t care much about dancing, but a few of us generally play a little bridge; and to one fancy dress affair. I went as Sir Walter Raleigh. Some men cannot afford to show their leg. What I say is, if a man can, why not? It isn’t often that one gets the opportunity of really looking one’s best.” He told me all three balls had been duly entered: and commented upon. 
           “And, of course, you remember my performance of Talbot Champneys in Our Boys the week before last, in aid of the Fund for Poor Curates,” I went on. “I don’t know whether you saw the notice in the Morning Post, but—” 
            He again interrupted me to remark that what the Morning Post man said would be entered, one way or the other, to the critic of the Morning Post, and had nothing to do with me. “Of course not,” I agreed; “and between ourselves, I don’t think the charity got very much. Expenses, when you come to add refreshments and one thing and another, mount up. But I fancy they rather liked my Talbot Champneys.” 
          He replied that he had been present at the performance, and had made his own report. 
            I also reminded him of the four balcony seats I had taken for the monster show at His Majesty’s in aid of the Fund for the Destitute British in Johannesburg. Not all the celebrated actors and actresses announced on the posters had appeared, but all had sent letters full of kindly wishes; and the others—all the celebrities one had never heard of—had turned up to a man. Still, on the whole, the show was well worth the money. There was nothing to grumble at. 
           There were other noble deeds of mine. I could not remember them at the time in their entirety. I seemed to have done a good many. But I did remember the rummage sale to which I sent all my old clothes, including a coat that had got mixed up with them by accident, and that I believe I could have worn again. 
            And also the raffle I had joined for a motor-car. 
       The Angel said I really need not be alarmed, that everything had been noted, together with other matters I, may be, had forgotten.

Tuesday, January 19, 2016

Lesson No. The Gulistan of Sadi - Original Text)

The Original Text of "The Gulistan of Sadi"

Sheikh Saadi was a great storyteller. He speaks to all nations and is perpetually modern, said Emerson. He thought of the Gulistan as one of the bibles of the world, for he found in it the universality of moral law. The Gulistan translated in latin and English, became love for the people. It is interesting to note that English scholars used Sa’di’s translated parables in their divine books till it was discovered to be an English translation of a Latin version of Persian origin. Edwin Arnold has aptly described Gulistan in culinary terms as “an intellectual pilaf, a literary curry; a kebab of a versatile genius”. The readers are sure to enjoy these parables as food for thought. 

Once a king and a Persian slave were sailing in the same boat. The salve had never been at sea, and never experienced any calamity. After some-time the boat was hit by a storm and started tossing. It was very inconvenient for the passengers. All remained quiet except the slave who in fear of being drowned began to cry and tremble, and created inconvenience for the others. The other tried to pacify him by kindness and affection but he didn’t hear anybody. When the uneasiness lasted longer the king also became displeased.
In that boat there happened to be a sergeant, who said, “With’ your permission, may I quieten him”.
“It will be a great favour”, the king said.
The sergeant ordered the slave to be thrown into the water, so that he could have experienced the true danger of life. Two persons threw him in the sea and when he was about to be drowned they pulled him back to the boat, and he clung the stern with both of his hands. Then he sat down and remained quiet.
''This appeared strange to the king, who could not comprehend the wisdom in the action taken by the sergeant, and he asked for it. The sergeant replied: “Before he had experienced the danger of being drowned, he knew not about the safety of the boat. A man does not realize the worth of safety from the misfortune until he has tasted it.” 

 II 
It is related that while a deer was being roasted for Nushirvan, a king of Persia, famous for his justice, no salt could be found. A boy was sent to a village to bring some salt. The boy brought it and presented it to the king who asked whether he had paid for it. “No”, said the boy. “Pay for the salt”, said the king, “lest it should become a custom and the village be ruined.” Having been asked what harm could arise from such a trifling demand. “The foundation of oppression was small in the world”, said the king. “Whoever enlarged it, so that it reached its present magnitude, is at fault. If the king eats one apple from the garden of a subject, his slaves will pull down the whole tree. For five eggs, which the king allows to be taken by force, the people belonging to his army will put a thousand fowls on the spit.” A tyrant does not remain in the world, But the curse on him abides for ever! 

 III 
A king fell seriously ill and all hopes of his recovery vanished. The more the disease was cured the more it became painful. At last the physicians agreed that this disease could not be cured except by means of bile of a person endued with certain qualities. Orders were issued to search for an individual of this king. A son of a farmer was discovered to possess the qualities mentioned by the doctors. The king summoned the father and mother of the boy, whose consent he got by giving them a huge amount of wealth. The Qazi issued a decree to shed the blood of a person for the health of the king. The boy was brought to the altar and the executioner was directed to slaughter the boy. When all was ready the boy looked toward the sky and smiled. “Why do you laugh in such a posiotn?” the king asked. “A son looks to the affection of his parents,” said the boy. “If they fail, they are expected to bring the case before the Qazi to seek justice. But in the present case, the parents have agreed to get my blood shed for the trash of this world. The Qazi has issued a decree to kill me. The king thinks he will recover his health only through my slaying and I see no other refuge besides God Almighty. To whom shall I complain against your brutality, if I am to seek justice from your hand?” The king felt disturbed and on hearing these words he could not control his tears and said, “It is better for me to die than to shed the blood of an innocent boy.” He kissed the head and eyes of the boy and presented him with a lot of wealth. It is said that the king also recovered within a week.

Sunday, September 20, 2015

Visit to a Small Planet (Original Text) - Page 2



Visit to a Small Planet
Page 2

Scene

     Stock Shot: The night sky, stars. Then slowly a luminous object arcs into view. As it is almost upon us, dissolves to the living room of the Spelding house in Maryland.
            Superimpose Card: "THE TIME: THE DAY AFTER TOMORROW"
            The room is comfortably balanced between the expensively decorated and the homely. ROGER SPELDING is concluding his TV broadcast. He is middle-aged unctuous, resonant. His wife, bored and vague, knits passively while he talks at his desk. Two technicians are on hand, operating the equipment. His daughter, ELLEN, a lively girl of twenty, fidgets as she listens. 


Spelding          (Into microphone) ... and so, according to General Powers ... who should know if       anyone does ... the flying which has given rise to so much irresponsible conjecture is nothing more than a meteor passing through the earth's orbit. It is not, as many believe, a secret weapon of this country. Nor is it a spaceship as certain lunatic elements have suggested. General Powers has assured me that it is highly doubtful there is any form of life in another planets capable of building a spaceship. "If any travelling is to be done in space, we will do it first." And those are his exact words..... Which winds up another week of news. (Crosses to pose with wife and daughter). This is Roger Spelding, saying good night to Mother and Father America, from my old homestead in Silver Glen, Maryland, close to the warm pulsebeat of the nation.
Technician: Good show tonight, Mr. Spelding.
Spelding: Thank you.
Technician: Yes sir, you were right on time
          Spelding nods wearily, his mechanical smile and heartiness suddenly gone.
MrsSpelding: Very nice dear. Very nice
Technician: See you next week, Mr. Spelding.
Spelding: Thank you, boys.
               Technicians go.
Spelding: Did you like the broadcast, Ellen?
Ellen: Of course L did, Daddy.
Spelding: The What did I say?
Ellen: Oh, that's not fair.
Spelding: It's not a very flattering when one's own daughter won't listen to what one says millions of people.
Ellen: I always listen, Daddy, you know that.
MrsSpelding: We love your broadcasts, dear. I don't know what we'd do without them. 
Spelding: Starve
Ellen: I wonder what's keeping John.
Spelding: Certainly not work.
Ellen: Oh, Daddy, stop it! John works very hard and you know it.
MrsSpelding: Yes, he is a perfectly nice boy, Roger. I like him.
Spelding: I know, I know. He has every virtue except the most important one: he has no get-up-and-go.
Ellen: (Precisely) He doesn't want to get up and doesn't want to go because he's already where he wants to be on his own farm which is exactly where I'm going to be when we'r married.

Spelding: More thankless than a serpent's tooth is an ungrateful child.
Ellen:  donI't think that's right. Isn't it "more deadly"...
Spelding: Whatever the exact quotation is, I stand by the sentiment.
MrsSpelding: Please, don't quarrel. I always gives me a headache.
Spelding: I never quarrel. L merely reason, in my simple way, with Miss Know-all-it here.
Ellen: Oh, Daddy! Next you'll tell me I should marry for money.
Spelding: There is nothing wrong with marrying a wealthy man. The horror of it has always eluded me. However, my only wish is that you marry someone hardworking, ambitious, a man who'll make his mark in the world. Not a boy who plans to sit on a farm all his life, growing peanuts.
Ellen: English walnuts.
Spelding: Will you stop correcting me?
Ellen: But, Daddy, John grows walnuts......
        John enters, breathlessly.
John: Come out! Quick! It's coming this way. It's going to land right here.
Spelding: What's going to land?
John: The spaceship. Look!
Spelding: Apparently you didn't hear my broadcast. The flying object in question is a meteor not a spaceship.
               John has gone with Ellen. Spelding and Mrs. Spelding follow.
MrsSpelding: Oh, my! Look! Something is falling! Roger, you don't think it's going to hit the house, do you?
Spelding: The odds against being hit by a falling object that size are, I should say, roughly ten million to one.
MrsSpelding: Ten million to one or not it is going to land right here, and it's not falling.
Spelding: I'm sure it's a meteor.
MrsSpelding: Shouldn't we go to the cellar? 

Visit to a Small Planet - Page 1


Visit to a Small Planet
by
Gore Vidal






Characters

Kreton

Roger Spelding

Ellen Spelding

Mrs. Spelding

John Spelding

General Powers

Aide



Visit to a Small Planet (Original Text) With Notes

FBISE, HSSC 1, English Book - III
The Whole Play  Visit to a Small Planet
by
Gore Vidal


Characters

Kreton
Roger Spelding
Ellen Spelding
Mrs. Spelding
John Spelding
General Powers
Aide


Scene

     Stock Shot: The night sky, stars. Then slowly a luminous object arcs into view. As it is almost upon us, dissolves to the living room of the Spelding house in Maryland.
            Superimpose Card: "THE TIME: THE DAY AFTER TOMORROW"
            The room is comfortably balanced between the expensively decorated and the homely. ROGER SPELDING is concluding his TV broadcast. He is middle-aged unctuous, resonant. His wife, bored and vague, knits passively while he talks at his desk. Two technicians are on hand, operating the equipment. His daughter, ELLEN, a lively girl of twenty, fidgets as she listens. 


Spelding          (Into microphone) ... and so, according to General Powers ... who should know if       anyone does ... the flying which has given rise to so much irresponsible conjecture is nothing more than a meteor passing through the earth's orbit. It is not, as many believe, a secret weapon of this country. Nor is it a spaceship as certain lunatic elements have suggested. General Powers has assured me that it is highly doubtful there is any form of life in another planets capable of building a spaceship. "If any travelling is to be done in space, we will do it first." And those are his exact words..... Which winds up another week of news. (Crosses to pose with wife and daughter). This is Roger Spelding, saying good night to Mother and Father America, from my old homestead in Silver Glen, Maryland, close to the warm pulsebeat of the nation.
Technician: Good show tonight, Mr. Spelding.
Spelding: Thank you.
Technician: Yes sir, you were right on time
                  Spelding nods wearily, his mechanical smile and heartiness suddenly gone.
Mrs. Spelding: Very nice dear. Very nice
Technician: See you next week, Mr. Spelding.
Spelding: Thank you, boys.
              Technicians go.
Spelding: Did you like the broadcast, Ellen?
Ellen: Of course L did, Daddy.
Spelding: The What did I say?
Ellen: Oh, that's not fair.
Spelding: It's not a very flattering when one's own daughter won't listen to what one says millions of people.
Ellen: I always listen, Daddy, you know that.
Mrs. Spelding: We love your broadcasts, dear. I don't know what we'd do without them. 
Spelding: Starve
Ellen: I wonder what's keeping John.
Spelding: Certainly not work.
Ellen: Oh, Daddy, stop it! John works very hard and you know it.
Mrs. Spelding: Yes, he is a perfectly nice boy, Roger. I like him.
Spelding: I know, I know. He has every virtue except the most important one: he has no get-up-and-go.
Ellen: (Precisely) He doesn't want to get up and doesn't want to go because he's already where he wants to be on his own farm which is exactly where I'm going to be when we'r married.
Spelding: More thankless than a serpent's tooth is an ungrateful child.
Ellen:  donI't think that's right. Isn't it "more deadly"...
Spelding: Whatever the exact quotation is, I stand by the sentiment.
Mrs. Spelding: Please, don't quarrel. I always gives me a headache.
Spelding: I never quarrel. L merely reason, in my simple way, with Miss Know-all-it here.
Ellen: Oh, Daddy! Next you'll tell me I should marry for money.
Spelding: There is nothing wrong with marrying a wealthy man. The horror of it has always eluded me. However, my only wish is that you marry someone hardworking, ambitious, a man who'll make his mark in the world. Not a boy who plans to sit on a farm all his life, growing peanuts.
Ellen: English walnuts.
Spelding: Will you stop correcting me?
Ellen: But, Daddy, John grows walnuts......
        John enters, breathlessly.
John: Come out! Quick! It's coming this way. It's going to land right here.
Spelding: What's going to land?
John: The spaceship. Look!
Spelding: Apparently you didn't hear my broadcast. The flying object in question is a meteor not a spaceship.
               John has gone with Ellen. Spelding and Mrs. Spelding follow.
Mrs. Spelding: Oh, my! Look! Something is falling! Roger, you don't think it's going to hit the house, do you?
Spelding: The odds against being hit by a falling object that size are, I should say, roughly ten million to one.
Mrs. Spelding: Ten million to one or not it is going to land right here, and it's not falling.
Spelding: I'm sure it's a meteor.
Mrs. Spelding: Shouldn't we go to the cellar? 
Spelding: i

Friday, September 11, 2015

Lesson No. 3 - Dark They Were, and Golden Eyed (Original Text)

HSSC -1, FBISE, English Book 3 Notes
Dark They Were, and Golden-Eyed 
Written 
by Ray Bradbury

The rocket metal cooled in the meadow winds. Its lid gave a bulging pop. From its clock interior stepped a man, a woman, and three children. The other passengers whirled away across the Martian meadow, leaving the man alone among his family. 
The man felt his hair flutter and the tissues of his body draw tight as if he were standing at the center of a vacuum. His wife, before him, seemed almost to whirl away in smoke. The children, small seeds, might at any instant be sown to all the Martian climes. 

The children looked up at him, as people look to the sun to tell what time of their life it is. His face was cold. 
"What's wrong?" asked his wife. 

"Let's get back on the rocket." "Go back to Earth?" "Yes! listen!" 

The wind blew as if to flake away their identities. At any moment the Martian air might draw his soul from him, as marrow comes from a white bone. He felt submerged in a chemical that could dissolve his intellect and burn away his past. They looked at Martian hills that time had worn with a crushing pressure of years. They saw the old cities, lost in their meadows, lying like children's delicate bones among the blowing lakes of grass. 
 "Chin up, Harry," said his wife. "It's too late. We've come over sixty million miles." The children with their yellow hair hollered at the deep dome of Martian sky. There was no answer but the racing hiss of wind through the stiff grass. He picked up the luggage in his cold hands. 
"Here we go," he said—a man standing on the edge of a sea, ready to wade in and be drowned. They walked into town. Their name was Bittering. Harry and his wife Cora; Dan, Laura, and David. They built a small white cottage and ate good breakfasts there, but the fear was never gone. It lay with Mr. Bittering and Mrs. Bittering, a third unbidden partner at every midnight talk, at every dawn awakening.

"I feel like a salt crystal," he said, "in a mountain stream, being washed away. We don't belong here. We're Earth people. This is Mars. It was meant for Martians. For heaven's sake, Cora, let's buy tickets for home!" But she only shook her head. "One day the atom bomb will fix Earth. Then we'll be safe here." 
"Safe and insane!" 

"Nonsense!" Mr. Bittering looked out the windows. "We're clean, decent people." He looked at his children. "All dead cities have some kind of ghosts in them. Memories, I mean." He stared at the hills. "You see a staircase and you wonder what Martians looked like climbing it. You see Martian paintings and you wonder what the painter was like. You make a little ghost in your mind, a memory. It's quite natural. Imagination." 

He stopped. "You haven't been prowling up in those ruins, have you?" 

"No, Papa." David looked at his shoes. 

"See that you stay away from them. Pass the jam." 

"Just the same," said little David, "1 bet something happens." 
Something happened that afternoon.  Laura stumbled through the settlement, crying. She dashed blindly onto the porch. 
"Mother, Father—the war, Earth!" she sobbed. 
"A radio flash just came. Atom bombs hit New York! All the space rockets blown up. No more rockets to Mars, ever!" 
"Oh, Harry!" The mother held onto her husband and daughter. 
"Are you sure, Laura?" asked the father quietly. Laura wept. 
"We're stranded on Mars, forever and ever!" 
For a long time there was only the sound of the wind in the late afternoon. Alone, thought Bittering. Only a thousand of us here. No way back. No way. No way. Sweat poured from his face and his hands and his body; he was drenched in the hotness of his fear. He wanted to strike Laura, cry, "No, you're lying! The rockets will come back!" Instead, he stroked Laura's head against him and said, "The rockets will get through someday." 
"Father, what will we do?" "Go about our business, of course. Raise crops and children. Wait. Keep things going until the war ends and the rockets come again." The two boys stepped out onto the porch. 
"Children," he said, sitting there, looking beyond them, "I've something to tell you." 
"We know," they said. 
He looked with dismay at their house. "Even the house. The wind's done something to it. The air's burned it. The fog at night. The boards, all warped out of shape. It's not an Earthman's house any more."
"Oh, your imagination!" He put on his coat and tie. "I'm going into town. We've got to do something now. I'll be back."
"Wait, Harry!" his wife cried. But he was gone.
In town, on the shadowy step of the grocery store, the men sat with their hands on their knees, conversing with great leisure and ease. Mr. Bittering wanted to fire a pistol in the air. What are you doing, you fools! he thought. Sitting here! You've heard the news—we're stranded on this planet. Well, move! Aren't you frightened? Aren't you afraid? What are you going to do?
"Hello, Harry," said everyone.
"Look," he said to them.
"You did hear the news, the other day, didn't you?"
They nodded and laughed. "Sure. Sure, Harry."
"What are you going to do about it?"
"Do, Harry, do? What can we do?"
"Build a rocket, that's what!"
"A rocket, Harry? To go back to all that trouble? Oh, Harry!"
"But you must want to go back. Have you noticed the peach blossoms, the onions, the grass?"
"Why, yes, Harry, seems we did," said one of the men.
"Doesn't it scare you?"
"Can't recall that it did much, Harry." "Idiots!"
Now, Harry." Bittering wanted to cry.
You've got to work with me. If we stay here, we'll all change. The air. Don't you smell it? Something in the air. A Martian virus, maybe; some seed, or a pollen. Listen to me!" They stared at him.
"Sam," he said to one of them.
"Yes, Harry?" "Will you help me build a rocket?"
"Harry, I got a whole load of metal and some blueprints. You want to work in my metal shop on a rocket, you're welcome. I'll sell you that metal for five hundred dollars. You should be able to construct a right pretty rocket, if you work alone, in about thirty years."
Everyone laughed.
"Don't laugh." Sam looked at him with quiet good humor.
"Sam," Bittering said. "Your eyes—" "What about them, Harry?"
"Didn't they used to be gray?"
"Well now, I don't remember."
"They were, weren't they?" "Why do you ask, Harry?"
"Because now they're kind of yellow-colored."
"Is that so, Harry?" Sam said, casually.
"And you're taller and thinner—"
"You might he right, Harry."
"Sam, you shouldn't have yellow eyes."
"Harry, what color eyes have you got?" Sam said.
"My eyes? They're blue, of course."
"Here you are, Harry." Sam handed him a pocket mirror. "Take a look at yourself."
Mr. Bittering hesitated, and then raised the mirror to his face.
There were little, very dim flecks of new gold captured in the blue of his eyes.
"Now look what you've done," said Sam a moment later. "You've broken my mirror."
Harry Bittering moved into the metal shop and began to build the rocket. Men stood in the open door and talked and joked without raising their voices. Once in a while they gave him a hand on lifting something. But mostly they just idled and watched him with their yellowing eyes.
"It's suppertime, Harry," they said.
His wife appeared with his supper in a wicker basket.
"I won't touch it," he said. "I'll eat only food from our deep-freeze. Food that came from Earth. Nothing from our garden."
His wife stood watching him. "You can't build a rocket."
"I worked in a shop once, when I was twenty. I know metal. Once I get it started, the others will help," he said, not looking at her, laying out the blueprints.
"Harry, Harry," she said, helplessly.
"We've got to get away, Cora. We've got to!"
Summer burned the canals dry. Summer moved like flame upon the meadows. In the empty Earth settlement, the painted houses flaked and peeled. Rubber tires upon which children had swung in back yards hung suspended like stopped clock pendulums in the blazing air. At the metal shop, the rocket frame began to rust.
In the quiet autumn Mr. Bittering stood, very dark now, very golden-eyed, upon the slope above his villa, looking at the valley.
"It's time to go back," said Cora.
"Yes, but we're not going," he said quietly. "There's nothing there any more."
"Your books," she said. "Your fine clothes."
"The town's empty. No one's going back," he said. "There's no reason to, none at all."
The daughter wove tapestries and the sons played songs on ancient flutes and pipes, their laughter echoing in the marble villa.
Mr. Bittering gazed at the Earth settlement far away in the low valley. "Such odd, such ridiculous houses the Earth people built."
"They didn't know any better," his wife mused. "Such ugly people. I'm glad they've gone."
They both looked at each other, startled by all they had just finished saying. They laughed.
"Where did they go?" he wondered. He glanced at his wife. She was golden and slender as his daughter. She looked at him, and he seemed almost as young as their eldest son.
"I don't know," she said.
"We'll go back to town maybe next year, or the year after, or the year after that," he said, calmly. "Now—I'm warm. How about taking a swim?" They turned their backs to the valley. Arm in arm they walked silently down a path of clear-running spring water.
Five years later a rocket fell out of the sky. It lay steaming in the valley. Men leaped out of it, shouting. "We won the war on Earth! We're here to rescue you! Hey!"
But the American-built town of cottages, peach trees, and theaters was silent. They found a flimsy rocket frame rusting in an empty shop.
The rocket men searched the hills. The captain established headquarters in an abandoned bar. His lieutenant came hack to report.
"The town's empty, but we found native life in the hills, sir. Dark people. Yellow eyes. Martians. Very friendly. We talked a bit, not much. They learn English fast. I'm sure our relations will he most friendly with them, sir."
"Dark, eh?" mused the captain. "How many?"
"Six, eight hundred, I'd say, living in those marble ruins in the hills, sir. Tall, healthy. Beautiful women."
"Did they tell you what became of the men and women who built this Earth settlement, Lieutenant?"
"They hadn't the foggiest notion of what happened to this town or its people."
"Strange. You think those Martians killed them?"
"They look surprisingly peaceful. Chances are a plague did this town in, sir."
"Perhaps. I suppose this is one of those mysteries we'll never solve. One of those mysteries you read about."


Summery of the Story
This story seems to take place in future when the nuclear war compels the Bittering family - Harry, Cora, and their children, Dan, Laura, and David, natives of Earth - to join the other humans who traveled to Mars some 60 million miles away on a rocket. Soon after their arrival, Harry decides he wants to go back to Earth, as Mars is too different from Earth. He has a sense of unease about the whole situation. Unfortunately, the atom bomb hits New York City, destroying all the space rockets and stranding the Bitterings on Mars. Uneasily settling into their new environment, Harry begins to notice certain subtle changes in the plants and animals. For example, the family dairy cow grows a third horn and the peach blossoms grow an extra petal, extra leaf, and the color and the smell changes. Harry also begins to notice that his family and the people in town are also beginning to change. Upon realizing that there is something seriously wrong, Harry becomes scared of living on Mars, and although his wife and children think nothing of it, Harry begins to suspect a Martian virus, that is in the soil they grow their crops in, is making them act and look like Martians. While Harry's family begins to fear for his sanity, Harry begins eating only frozen food from Earth that he kept in his Deepfreeze. Unfortunately, the food soon runs out and Harry quickly grows desperate, buying the metal and blueprints for a rocket to transport himself and his family home to Earth, despite the imminent danger and the nagging doubt that he will not be able to build a sturdy rocket. He tries to convince Sam and the others to help him build the rocket and return home, but they laugh at him and work halfheartedly. Harry gets into several arguments with them, but oddly enough, they never raise their voices. Harry's boy Dan wants to be called by a Martian name (Linnl), and Harry himself is using Martian words (Iorrt for Earth). In the meantime, Harry and his family become very dark skinned, tall, thin, and golden-eyed. Harry slowly stops resisting the change, and he is convinced that they, along with the rest of the colonists, should spend the rest of the summer in the cool Martian villas (ancient Martian mansions in the hills), where they can swim in the water canals. They eventually become Martians, and stay in the villas, because that is where they "belong". After a time in the hills, the colonists completely forget about their human origins and transform completely into Martians. This is implied when Harry and his wife notice their old homes and remarks how the "Earth people's" houses are not built sensibly. At the end of the story, 5 years later, a group of American G.I. astronauts arrives to tell the colonists that they have won the war and that they are here to rescue them, but the American-built town of cottages, peach trees, and theaters is silent and no humans are to be found. When the rocket men searched the hills, the lieutenant comes back to report that there is native life in the hills. The lieutenant says he talked to them for a bit and claims that the natives are very friendly. The captain first suspects that the natives may have killed the colonists, but then the lieutenant suggests that a plague did this town in. They make plans to recolonize Mars, even naming the mountains, hills, canals, and towns after famous people and things from Earth. The ending is a foreboding feeling that what happened to the Bitterings would soon happen to these new colonists.

Monday, August 24, 2015

Lesson No. 7 - My Financial Career (Original Text)

HSSC-2, English Book - 2
Lesson No. 7
MY FINANCIAL CAREER
A Stephen Leacock 

When I go into a bank I get rattled. The clerks rattle me; the wickets rattle me; the sight of the money rattles me; everything rattles me.

The moment I cross the threshold of a bank and attempt to transact business there, I become an irresponsible idiot.

I knew this beforehand, but my salary had been raised to fifty dollars a month and I felt that the bank was the only place for it.

So I shambled in and looked timidly round at the clerks. I have an idea that a person about to open an account must consult the manager.

I went up to a wicket marked "Accountant" The accountant was a tall, cool devil. The very sight of him rattled me. My voice was sepulchral.

"Can I see the manager?" l said, and added solemnly, "alone." I don't know why I said "alone."

"Certain," said the accountant, and fetched him.

The manager was a grave, calm, man; I held my fifty six dollars clutched in acrumpled ball in my pocket.

"Are you the manager?" I said. God knows I didn't doubt it.

"Yes, "he said.

"Can I see you," I asked, "alone?" I didn't want to say "alone' again, but without it the thing seemed self-evident.

The manager looked at me in some alarm. He felt that I had an awful secret to reveal.

"Come in here," he said, and led the way to a private room. He turned the key in the lock.

We are safe from interruption here," he said "sit down."

We both sat down and looked at each other. I found no voice to speak.

"You are one of Pinkerton's men, I presume," he -said. 39 He had gathered from my mysterious manner that I was a detective. I knew what he was thinking, and it made me worse.

"No, not from Pinkerton's," I said, seeming to imply that came from a rival agency. ,

"To tell the truth," I went on, as if I had been prompted to lie about it, "I am not a detective at all. I have come to open an account. I intend to keep all my money in this bank."

The manger looked relieved but still serious; he concluded now that I was a son of Baron Rothschild or a young Gould.

"A large account. I suppose." He said "Fairly large," I whispered. "I propose to deposit fifty six dollars now and fifty dollars a month regularly."

The manager got up and opened the door. He called to the accountant.

"Mr. Montgomery," he said unkindly loud, "this gentleman is opening an account, he will deposit fifty-six dollars. Good morning. I rose.

A big iron door stood open at the side of the private room.

"Good morning," I said, and stepped into the safe. "Come out," said the manager coldly, and showed me the other way.

I went up to the accountant's wicket and poked the ball of money at him with a quick convulsive movement as if I were doing a conjuring trick.

My face was ghastly pale.

"Here," I said, "deposit it." The tone of the words seemed to mean, "Let us do this painful thing while the fit is on us."

He took the money and gave it to another clerk.

He made me write the sum on a slip and sign my name in a book.

I no longer knew what I was doing. The bank swam before my eyes.

"Is it deposited?" I asked in a hollow, vibrating voice.

"It is," said the accountant.

"Then I want to draw a cheque."

My idea was to draw out six dollars of it for present use.

Someone gave me a cheque-book through a wicket and someone else began telling me how to write it out. The people in the bank had the impression that I was an invalid millionaire. I wrote something on the cheque and thrust it in at the clerk. He looked at it.

"What l Are you drawing lit all out again l" he asked surprise.

Then I realized that I had written fifty-six instead of six. I was too far gone to reason now. I had a feeling that it was impossible to explain the thing. All the clerks had stopped writing to look at me.

Reckless with misery, I made a plunge.

'Yes, the whole thing."

"You withdraw your money from the bank?"

"Every cent of 1t."

"Are you not going to deposit anymore?" said the clerk, astonished.

"Never"

An idiot hope struck me that they might think someone had insulted me while I was writing the cheque and that I had changed my mind. I made a wretched attempt to look like a man with a fearfully quick temper.

The clerk prepared to pay the money.

How will you have it' he said What?"

"How will you have it"

"Oh"…. I caught hrs meaning and answered without even trying to think… "in fifties."

He gave me a fifty-dollar bill.

"And the six? he asked dryly.

He gave it to me and I rushed out.

As the big door swung behind me I caught the echo of a roar of laughter that went up to the ceiling of the bank since then I bank no more. I keep my money in cash in my trousers pocket and my savings in silver dollars in a sock.

NOTES 

get rattled : ------gets on my nerves puts me at a loss 
wicket :------ a small door
irresponsible idiot : -----a careless fool 
shamble : ------walking badly without lifting feet enough 
sepulchral : ------funereal, gloomy. 
crumple : -----get crushed into folds. 
Rothschild :------ a family of international bankers 
poke :------ push 
convulsive movement:------ with violent uncontrolled movement of muscles. 
conjuring trick :----- do tricks producing seemingly magic effects. 
vibrating:------ shaking.
invalid millionaire:----- a man of great wealth who is disabled by illness. 
Reckless:---- rash, not caring for consequences. 

ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS 

Q1. What light do the following expressions throw on Leacock's state of mind when he entered the bank: 'locked timidly round', 'shambled in'?
Q2. Why did the manager come to think that Leacock had and awful secret to reveal?
Q3. What was the attitude of the manager towards Leacock on learning that he only wished to deposit 56 dollars in the bank?
Q4. What other blunders did Leacock commit after leaving the manager's office?
Q5. After this misadventure in the bank where did Leacock keep his money?
Q6. Give as many examples as you can to show that Leacock was feeling completely lost in the bank all the time he was there.

Saturday, August 22, 2015

Lesson No. 6 - The Man Who Was a Hospital (Original Text)

THE MAN WHO WAS A HOSPITAL 
 Jerome K. Jerome 

It was my liver that was out of order. I knew it was my liver that was out of order, because I had just been reading patent liver-pill circular, in which were detailed the various symptoms by which a man could tell when his liver was out of order. I had them all. 

It is a most extraordinary thing, but I never read a patent medicine advertisement without being impelled to the conclusion that I am suffering from the particular disease therein dealt with in its most virulent form. The diagnosis seems in every case to correspond exactly with all the sensations that I have ever felt. 

I remember going to the British Museum one day to read up the treatment for some slight ailment of which I had a touch - hay fever, I fancy it was. I got down the book, and read all I came to read; and then, in an unthinking moment, I idly turned the leaves, and began to indolently study diseases, generally. I forget which was the first distemper I plunged into - some fearful, devastating scourge, I know and, before I had glanced half down the list of "premonitory symptoms," it was borne in upon me that I had fairly got it.

 I sat for a while frozen with horror; and then, in the listlessness of despair, I again turned over the pages. I came to typhoid fever - read- the symptoms - discovered that I had typhoid fever, must have had it for months without knowing it - wondered what else I had got: turned up St. Vitus's Dance - found, as I expected, that I had that too, - began to get interested in my case, and determined to sift it to the bottom, and so started alphabetically - read up again and learnt that I was sickening for it, and that the acute stage, would commence in about another fortnight. Bright's disease, I was relieved to find, I had only in a modified form and, so far as that was concerned, I 'might live for years. Cholera I had with severe complications; and diphtheria I seemed to have been born with. I plodded conscientiously through the twenty-six letters, and the only malady I could conclude, I had not 34 got, was housemaid's knee.

I felt 'rather hurt about this at first; it seemed somehow to be a sort of slight. Why hadn't I-got housemaid's knee? Why this invidious reservation? After a while, however, less grasping feeling prevailed, I reflected that I had every other known malady in the pharmacology, and I grew less selfish and determined to do without housemaid's knee. Gout, in its most malignant stage, it would appear, had seized me without my being aware of it: and zymosis I had evidently been suffering with from boyhood. There were no more diseases after zymosis, 'so I concluded there was nothing else the matter with me. 

I sat and pondered. I thought what an interesting case it must be from a medical point of view, what an acquisition I should be to a class: Students would have no need to "walk the hospitals", if they had me. I was a hospital in myself. All they need to do would be to walk round me, and, after that, take their diploma. 

Then I wondered how long I had to live. I tried to examine myself. I felt my pulse, I could- not at first find any pulse at all. Then, all of sudden, it seemed to start off. I pulled out my watch and timed it. I made it a hundred and forty-seven to the minute. I tried to feel my heart. I could not feel my heart. It had stopped beating. I have since been induced to come to the opinion that it must have been there all the time, and must have been beating, but I cannot account for it. I patted myself all over my front, from what I call my waist up to my head, and I went a bit round each side, and a little way up the back. But I could not feel or hear anything I tried to look at my tongue. I stuck it out as far as ever it would go, and I shut one eye and tried to examine it with the other. I could only see the tip, and the only thing that I could gain from that was to feel more certain than before that I had scarlet fever. 

I had walked into that reading-room a happy, healthy man. I crawled out a decrepit wreck. 

I went to my medical man. He is an old chum of mine, and 35 feels my pulse, and 'looks at my tongue, and talks about the weather, all for nothing, when I fancy I'm ill; so I thought I would do him a good turn by going to him now. "What a doctor wants", I said, "is practice. He shall have me. He will get more practice out of me than out of seventeen hundred of your ordinary, commonplace patients, with only one or two diseases each." So I went straight up and saw him, and he said: "Well, what's the matter with you?" I said : 

"I will not take up your time, dear boy, with telling you what is the matter with me. Life is brief, and you might pass away before I had finished. But I will tell you what is not the matter with me. I have not .got housemaid's knee. Why I have not got housemaid's knee, I cannot ,tell you; but the fact remains that I have not got it. Everything else, however, I have got." 

And I told him how I came to discover it all. Then he opened me and looked down me, and clutched hold of my wrist, and then he hit me over the chest when I wasn't expecting it- a cowardly thing to do, I call it - and immediately afterwards butted me with the side of his head. After that, he sat down and wrote out a prescription, and folded it up and gave it to me, and I put it in my pocket and went out. 

I did not open it. I took it to the nearest chemist's and handed it in. The man read it, and then handed it back. 
He said he didn't keep it. 
I said: "You are a chemist?" 
He said: "I am a chemist. If I were a co-operative stores and family hotel combined, I might be able ,to oblige you. Being only a chemist 'hampers me." 
I read the prescription. It ran: 

36 "I lb. beefsteak, every 6 hours. Ten-mile walk every morning, Bed at 11 sharp every night. And don't stuff your head with things You don't understand." 

I followed the directions, with the happy result - speaking for myself- that my life was preserved and is still going on. 

NOTES 
"The man who was a Hospital" is a fine example of humorous exaggeration. The author wishes the reader to have a laugh at his expense. But he was not wholly wrong in concluding that he was suffering from almost all diseases. Quite a large number of diseases have common symptoms and if you' read a book on diseases and their symptoms you will find that you have many of those symptoms. Behind all this fantastic exaggeration is the sound advice - don't stuff your head with things you don't understand. 

Words Explained

symptom : condition in body which is sign of disease. impelled : driven forward. 
virulent : poisonous. 
ailment : disease. 
indolently : lazily. 
distemper : a contagious disease. premonitory forewarning symptoms. 
symptoms : a sign of disease
borne .. me I realized. 
St. Vitus's Dance: name of a disease. 
sift....bottom : to know thoroughly. 
plod : go on working, walking, slowly but without stopping. 
slight: insult 
invidious reservation : a reservation that gives offence. 
grasping : selfish. 
pharmacology : theory of the use and sale of medical drugs. 
malignant : serious, violent 
acquisition : something worth acquiring,'a rare thing to have. 
crawled wreck: walked out slowly like an old and feeble person who has broken down. 
butted : gave blow, pushedwith head 
hamper : obstruct 
scourge : to afflict. 

ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS 
1. How did ]erome K. Jerome come to suspect that his liver was out of order? What were the diseases he thought he was suffering from on reading a book on the treatment of diseases? 
2. What was the disease he discovered he didn't have? 
3. Was he pleased to find he didn't have it? 
4. What was his first reaction? 
5. Why should he be an acquisition to the medical class? 
6. Describe his visit to the medical man. 
7. He thought he was doing the doctor good turn by going to him. Why? 
8. What was the prescription given to him by the doctor? 
9. Describe his visit to the chemist. 10. What is the significance of the doctor's advice: don't stuff your head with things you don't.

Wednesday, July 8, 2015

Lesson No. 5 - On Destroying Books (Original Text)

ON DESTROYING BOOKS
J. C. Squire
It says in the paper that over two million volumes have been presented to the troops by the public. It would be interesting to inspect them. Most of them, no doubt, are quite ordinary and suitable' but it was publicly stated the such as magazines twenty years old, guides to the Lake District, and back numbers of Whitaker's Almanac. In some cases one imagines such indigestible get into the parcels by accident; but it is likely that there are those who jump at the opportunity of getting rid of books they don t want. Why have they kept them if they don't want them? But most people especially non-bookish people are very reluctant to throw away anything that looks like a book. In the most illiterate houses that one knows every worthless volume that is bought finds its way to a shelf and stays there. In reality it is not merely absurd to keep rubbish merely because it is printed: it is positively a public duty to destroy it. Destruction not merely makes more room for new books but saves one's heirs the trouble of sorting out the rubbish or storing it.

But it is not always easy to destroy books. They may not have as many lives as a cat but they certainly die hard: and it is sometimes difficult to find a scaffold for them. This difficulty once brought me almost within, the shadow of the Rope. l was living in a small and (as Shakespeare would say) heaven-kissing flat in Chelsea, and books of inferior, minor verse gradually accumulated there until at last I was faced with alternative of either evicting the books or else leaving them in sole, undisturbed tenancy and taking rooms elsewhere for myself. Now no one would have bought these books. I therefore had to throw them away or wipe them off the map altogether. But how? There were scores of them. l had no kitchen range, and I could not toast them on the gas-cooker or consume them leaf by leaf in my small study fire for it is almost as hopeless to try to bum a book without opening it as to try to burn a piece of granite. So in the end l determined to do to them what so many people do to the kittens: tie them up and consign them to the river. I improvised a sack, stuffed the books into it, put it over my shoulder, and went down the stairs into the darkness.

It was nearly midnight as I stepped into the street. There was a cold nip in the air, the sky was full of stars: and the greenish-yellow lamps threw long gleams across the smooth, hard road. Few people were about, and here and there rang out the steps of solitary travelers on the way home across the bridge to Battersea. I turned up my overcoat collar, settled my sack comfortably across my shoulders, and strode off towards the little square glow of the coffee-stall which marked the near end of the bridge, whose sweeping iron girders were just visible against the dark sky behind. A few doors down I passed a policeman who was flashing his lantern on the catches of basement windows. I fancied he looked suspicious, and I trembled slightly. The thought occurred to me: Perhaps he suspects I have swag in this sack." I was not seriously disturbed as knew that that I could bear investigation, and that nobody would be suspected of having stolen such goods (though they were all first editions) as I was carrying. Nevertheless I could not help the slight unease which comes to all who are eyed suspiciously by the police, and to all who are detected in any deliberately furtive act; however harmless. He acquitted me, apparently; and with a step that, making an effort, I prevented from growing more rapid, I walked on until I reached the Embankment.

It was then that all the implications of my act revealed themselves. I leaned against the parapet and looked down into the faintly luminous swirls of the river. Suddenly I heard a step near me; quite automatically I sprang back from the wall, and began walking on with. I fervently hoped, an air of rumination and unconcern. The pedestrian came by me without looking at me. It was a tramp who had other things to think about; and,' calling myself an ass, I stopped again. "Now for it," I thought; but just as I was preparing to "cast my books, upon the water I heard another step - a slow and measured one. The next thought came like a blaze of terrible blue lightening across my brain: "What about the splash?" A man leaning at midnight over the Embankment wall; a sudden fling of his arms: a great splash in the water. Surely, and not without reason whoever was within sight and hearing seemed (and there always seemed to be some one near) would at once rush at me and seize me. In all probability they would think it was a baby. What on earth would be the good of telling a London constable that I had come out into the cold and come down alone to the river to get rid of a` pack of poetry? I could almost hear his gruff, sneering laugh: "You tell that to the Marines, my son!"

So far I do not know how long l strayed up and down, increasingly fearful of being watched, .summoning up my courage to take the; plunge and quailing from it at the last moment. At last I did it. In the middle of, Chelsea Bridge there are projecting circular bays with seats in them. In my agony of decision I left the Embankment and hastened straight for the first of these. When I reached it I knelt on the seat. Looking over, I hesitated again. But I had reached the turning-point. "What!" I thought savagely, "'under the resolute mask that you show your friends is there really a shrinking and contemptible coward? You fall now, you must never, hold your head up again. Anyhow, what if you are hinged for it? Good God: you worm; better men than you have gone to the gallows." With" the courage of despair took a heave. The sack dropped sheer. A vast splash. Then silence fell again. No one came. I turned home; and as I walked l thought a little sadly of all those books falling into the cold torrent, settling slowly down through the pitchy dark, and subsiding at last on the ooze of the bottom, there to lie forlorn and forgotten whilst the unconscious world of men went on.

Horrible bad books, poor innocent books, you are lying there still: covered, perhaps, with mud by this time, with only a stray rag of your sacking sticking out of the slime into the opaque brown tides. Odes to Diana, Sonnets to Ethel, Dramas on the Love of Lancelot, Stanzas on a First Glimpse of \/enice, you lie there in a living death, and your fate is perhaps worse than you deserved.

Words' Meanings
Words Explained:
Whitaker's Amanac : it is a compendium of general information regarding the government, finance, population and commerce of the world, with special reference to the British Empire and the United States, besides
being an almanac in the ordinary sense. Almanac is at calendar. indigestibles books that cannot be easily digested; dull, hard to understand.
reluctant : unwilling
sortout : put into different groups according to size, quality. shadow of the
rope :
fear of being hanged.
evict : expel from house etc., by legal process.
accumulate : get together by additions.
kitchen range : fireplace for cooking.
consume them destroy as by fire
granite : hard grey stone.
consign : give up to.
cold nip in the
air : feeling of cold.
swag : stolen goods.
investigation : inquiry
furtive : secret, not open.
swirls : circling motion of water, air, etc
automatically : unconsciously.
rumination : absorbed in thought.
unconcern : easy in mind.
pedestrian : going on foot, a person walking.
tramp : person who goes from place to place and does no regular work measured step : slow regular steps.
Measured step : slow regular steps.
gruff, sneering
laugh :
rough, unpleasing in voice, sneenng laugh smile
unkmdly
tell that to the
marines :
a phrase that expresses disbelief and ridicule
strayed : wandered.
qualing : being cowed, afraid.
agony : great pain of mind or body.
resolute
mask....
coward :
make a show of being brave but are a coward at
heart
heave : lifting something heavy
ooze : wet; liquid mud
forlorn : unhappy, uncared for
slime : mud.
opaque : not letting light through.

ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS
1. What sort of books were presented by the British public to soldiers?
2. Was it interest of soldiers that prompted their action or was it the wish to get rid of useless books?
3. Why should bad books be destroyed?
4. Why is it difficult to destroy books?
5. Why could not the author burn the unwanted books’
6. How did he decide to get rid of them?
7. Describe the author’s midnight venture to throw the books in the river and the suspicions which his action were likely to arouse.
8. How did he muster up courage at last to fling them into the river?
9. Did he come to have a feeling for those books once he had got rid of them?

Answers to the above Questions

 Original Test of HSSC 2 English Book 2, English Notes, FBISE, Articles, Lessons of Class Second Year, Fs. C, FG Board Islamabad, English Language, Language Learning, Comprehension

Lesson No. 4 End of Term (Original Text)

END OF TERM
David Daiches
I believe a school teacher wrote a book some years ago with title "Friday Thank God". That phrase expresses perfectly my attitude to the arrival of the week end during term time when I was a schoolboy. The daily grind of school, with its abundant homework, its fierce competition, the sense of never being able to relax, pressed heavily upon me in spite of the fact that I often the actual classroom work. Waking up in the morning with the knowledge that at had to get out of bed, that there was no possibility of turning over for an extra doze, and seeing the hours of school stretching ahead, was a dismal experience on a Monday. We had a maid once who would climb each morning with grim steps up to the attic floor where Lionel and I slept in one bedroom and my sister Sylvia in another, and announce in deep, funeral tones: "Lionel, David, Sylvia- time!" I used to lie waiting for that ominous tread on the uncarpeted attic stairs, and the voice it heralded sounded in my ears like a summons to damnation. Thinking was always worse than the reality; I don't remember ever being especially unhappy in class; but the oppressive weight of the knowledge of a full day's school ahead remained a characteristic sensation of my childhood and disappeared only after I had left school and entered the university, where the smaller number of classes to be attended and the freedom of the student to come and go meant a completely new kind of academic world. To wake up on a Thursday morning to feel the end of the week already lying ahead: Friday morning was positively rose-coloured. The last 'period' (as each of our lessons was called) on a Friday, whatever the subject, had its happy flavour of the end of the week, and one walked home from school on a Friday afternoon (however much homework had been assigned for the Monday) with the tread of an escaped prisoner. Friday night, with two solid days before school again, was the best night of the week; Saturday night, with still a whole day between it and Monday, was  pleasant in a quite different way; Sunday night was full of the threatof Monday morning.

Sometimes there were unexpected respites - a half holiday to let us attend a football match which some unforeseen circumstances had caused to be cancelled the preceding Saturday, or the sudden dismissal of school an hour or two before the usual time because of some unexpected crisis or celebration. But these were few and far between. Once a term we had the annual mid-term holiday, a Monday off, which made a luxuriously long week-end (but it seemed to go just as fast as ordinary weekends), and occasionally in winter if there had been a continuous hard frost for some days We would get a whole day's 'skating holiday'. These were blessed breaks in routine, but not, of course, comparable to the holidays we got at Christmas and at Easter - three weeks each in my earlier school days, later tragically reduced to a fortnight and then (if my recollection of loss is not misleading pie) to a mere ten days. But 'the' holidays were the summer holidays, the two months' vacation we got in the summer time, and it was these months towards which the whole year moved.

Two months seemed a long, long time in those days; indeed, I used to have the feeling that, `for all practical purposes, I could look forward to a period of permanent felicity. I would walk home across the Meadows in the July sunshine, wearing my summer school clothes of grey cricket shirt, grey shorts, and red Weston's blazer, and savour my happiness with conscious relish. I could hardly believe that three strenuous school terms had indeed rolled away and the longed for, dreamed of almost (it seemed at times) mythical summer holidays were at hand, unspoilt as yet, lying intact and promising just ahead. It all seemed too good to be true. Wishes didn't come true in this life - I knew that: all my early childhood I longed desperately for a tricycle, which my parents could never afford, and later the wish was transferred for a bicycle, and there, too I was permanently disappointed. (I bought my first bicycle for myself when I was

.twenty-one with prize money I had won at Edinburgh University) How often had I stood outside sweet shops with empty pockets longing for a penny or two to materialize somehow or hung on the outskirts of a crowd around an ice-cream barrow wondering whether the ice-cream man would be miraculously inspired to offer me a 'cornet' or a 'slider' free. These things never happened. (The few pence a week pocket-money we received was to ,be put into a money box and saved, and during our early childhood Lionel, Sylvia and I never had anything to spend for ourselves). Yet summer and the summer holidays did come; the school year did come to an end; and one did find oneself at last standing by the trunks and suitcases outside No.6,Miller field Place, waiting for the taxi (glorious vehicle) that was to convey the family and its luggage to the railway station.
Words Meanings
Words Explained:
week-end : Saturday and Sunday, sometimes Friday and Monday.
grind : hard work.
relax : rest from work.
doze : sleep.
dismal : sad, without comfort.
grim : hard, cruel.
funereal : gloomy, dismal, dark
ominous : being or giving bad omen.
herald : proclaim the approach of.
damnation : condemnation to hell
anticipation : know, realize beforehand.
sensation : being conscious of some effect on one body feeling.
rose-coloured : beautiful, pleasing
flavour : quality of taste mixed with smell gem
respite : time of rest
26
crisis : time of great danger.
routine : regular, fixed order of doing things
felicity : intense happiness.
savour : special taste or smell of something; suggestion of some quality.
relish : the special taste or quality of something pleasing.
strenuous : using, needing great force, hard working.
mythical : without existence in fact.
materialize : take form or shape.
outskirts : outer edge.
miraculously : in a strange unexpected way.
inspire : put thought or feeling into a person.

ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS
1. What was the Daiches' attitude towards the week-end as a school boy? Why did he long for it?
2. What was his general view of school life?
3. He liked holidays for their freedom - freedom from what
4. How did he spend his summer holidays?
5. Wishes don`t come true in this life, writes Daiches. What are the things he longed for but could not have?
6. What did he do with his pocket money?

 Original Test of HSSC 2 English Book 2, English Notes, FBISE, Articles, Lessons of Class Second Year, Fs. C, FG Board Islamabad, English Language, Language Learning, Comprehension

Tuesday, July 7, 2015

Lesson No. 3 - Why Boys Fail in College (Original Text)

Why Boys Fail in College
Written by Herbert E. Hawkes.
Of the boys who do not reach their natural academic boundary during the course of their college career, but who fail to get through, there are two main classes: those who try, and those who do not try. Many boys attempt seriously to make good, and really have the native ability to do so, but find it almost impossible to sit at a desk and concentrate on the tasks assigned. There is the boy who sits down to study, open his book but before starting on his work says to himself, "I think that I had better sharpen my pencil; it needs it badly." And when he has sharpened it, he observes that all his pencils need sharpening. And so on, until his time is gone and nothing has been done. Such nervous habits are not easy to uproot, and, so far as I can see cannot be eradicated by anyone but the boy himself. Others can see the difficulty but the boy must take himself by the collar and make himself cultivate a poise and calm that smothers the fidgets. Until he does this, he does not really try, although he thinks he's trying and often spends more time in the presence of an open book than many a boy of equal ability who does good work.

A common cause of failure is a mistaken ambition for the boy on the part of his parents. More often than I should wish, I find a boy who is not showing any interest in his work and who is not trying to do it with any distinction, because he is following a direction, mapped out by his parents, that runs counter to all of his interests and abilities. I have made a number of very warm enemies among the parents of their son to be a physician, or a dentist, or an engineer. It may be that the boy has ability enough to be anyone of these things, but the long and short of it is, he does not want to be. He wants to be a theatrical manager, or a businessman, or a book -illustrator. It may be unreasonable for the boy to turn his back on a fine open in the dental profession in favour of business. But reason cannot control all of these matters As well argued with a person that he ought to like onions when he detests them As a general thing, the boy wins out in such controversies. And he should Also, be it said, the parent whom I have offended usually comes around after a term of years and tells me that his son was right and that he is thankful to me for taking the part of the boy in the argument. If such a boy fails, it is because he cannot bring himself to try to do the work that is distasteful to him, and that he feels is leading him in the wrong direction. If the college is alive to its work of advice, such cases are caught before the failure is complete.

Another type of boy who does not try is the very bright boy who has always done his school work without effort, and who has never learned what real application is. He supposes that he can float through college with as little effort as he did through school. I sometimes think that the bright boy who has always depended his
ability to get things quickly, is the most pitiable object among all our students. For it is almost a tragedy to see all of this keenness going to waste, and to feel that the entire opportunity which the college has to offer is passed up became of a too receptive mind. The cure for this sort of thing is again not easy, for it involves an entire change of attitude, and the forming of a completely new set of habits. No one can do this but the boy himself. All that the rest of us can do is to point out what is the matter.

The question of health, both physical and mental, is always one of the reasons for failure. If an adequate health service is available in the college, and proper cooperation exists between the teaching staff and the office the college doctor, an immense number of failures can be avoided and, what is just as important, the reason for inability to do satisfactory college work can be clearly understood by the boy, his parents and the college authorities. In the case of poor academic work, the reason for which is not apparent, it is my custom always to ask the student to undergo a thorough physical examination. It is surprising to find out in how large a percentage of such cases the university physician finds an adequate reason for the difficulty. Tuberculosis, had tonsils, sleeping sickness, poor digestion, various forms of mental and nervous difficulty have been brought to light by the doctor during the past few months, to the unspeakable relief of the student and enlightenment of the faculty. Occasionally, one meets an old-fashioned person like the father who told me a few months ago that, although we had arranged to have his son`s tonsils removed without expense, he would not consent to the operation. He asserted mat God put those tonsils in his son's throat for some good purpose, and that he would not stand for their removal. Since the boy was absorbing too much poison to permit proper application to his college Work, we had to ask him to go home. Of course, such cases are rare. But it is necessary to keep constantly in mind the simple fact that there is no substitute for health, and that, however such a man may know. It E not of much value unless he possesses the physical vigour
to bring it to bear on the world's problems.

Nowadays, when most ambitious boys want to go to college, the financial pressure is a very serious one. A few parents take the position that the boy should earn his Way through college for the good of his soul. As a matter of fact, no boy ought to be compelled to his entire Way through college if it can in any way be avoided. Not only does he get a mighty poor living by the process, but a mighty poor education as well. If the boy ought to go to college at all, he ought to be trusted to make good use of reasonable contribution from his parents toward expenses. Any parent owes this much to his son. The boy did not ask his parents to bring him into the world. They are responsible for his being here, and consequently they have the responsibility for giving him the best equipment possible to meet the World's problems.

Nevertheless, many boys are cast entirely on their own resources for their college expenses. And it is always to the detriment of their health, or the value of their education, or both. Any boy can earn a part of his  expenses without hurting himself, and in my experience many boys are willing to earn more than their share in
order to save the burden of their parents. But to see boys by the dozen take jobs lasting from six o'clock in the evening till two in the morning, six days in week; to see boys undergoing transfusion of -blood to get money for their food and books, is a heartrending spectacle. Many of our boys of finest character and excellent ability are doing just this kind of thing. And inevitably it is an important reason for apparent failure. Most colleges do all they can with scholarship funds to alleviate this situation, but even when everything
possible is done, every dean who knows his students can recall many cases of boys who have been obliged to drop out for the lack of a little money to see them through.

There are always a goodly number of undergraduates whose heads are turned and whose judgement is perverted by the attractiveness of athletic sports and literary (so called) activity. All of these features of college life have their place, and should receive the support of those students who are interested in them. In my experience, the awakening of a clear judgement as to what the college is for, is not as difficult as is often supposed. If a boy is too much interested in these side shows he ought to get out of the main tent and
become professional. But most of them really are not, and if reasoned with by a friend who knows youth and understands the importance of the college opportunity, they will not allow themselves to be swept off their feet by athletics. I do not think that this sort .of thing is as serious a reason for failure as do some of the critics of our colleges who see things from the outside and at a long range.

A few lazy bluffers drift into college and usually drift out again. Most of them have not found any serious interest in life, and some of them never will. It is usually wise to let them retire to the cold world for a reason and find out by experience how much demand there is for a lazy bluffer. Sometimes they learn their lesson and return to do first rate work. But the burden of proof is always on them to show that they mean business. On the whole, the problem that the college dean faces calls for about the same diagnostic ability as the physician's. He is helping the young men under him to see life steadily and see it whole. If he can save boys from failure through foolishness, sickness and sin, he is doing his part of the job.

NOTES
(Words Meanings)
Words Explained:
do not .... boundary: do not complete their education, fail to get the required degree, etc.
get through : pass
native ability : natural ability
concentrate....massigned: give full attention to the given work.
eradicate : root out, put an end to
take collar : deals firmly with himself
poised. fidgets : balance and self~disc1pl1ne which keep back nervous excitement
mapped out : planned.
run-counter to : go against.
long and short of it : all that can or need he said
opening : position which business is offering
detest : have great hate for.
win out : succeed.
controversy : argument especially of public sort as in a newspaper
offend : displease
himself to try : does not feel inclined to try
alive to : conscious of
application : to apply
float through college: pass, get through.
keenness : strong desire.
passes up : not used, not utilized
receptive : able or quick to receive ideas
attitude : point of view, way of looking at something
adequate : enough, satisfactory.
health service : medical aid
apparent : clearly seen
enlightenment : knowledge.
substitute : person or thing taking the place of another
to bring it to bear : apply
earn his way : earn to pay for his education
mighty : very large and strong
detriment : damage, loss, injury.
transfusion of blood : putting blood from one living body into another
heartrending : very painful.
inevitably : bound to happen, as a matter of course, necessarily.
see them through: enable them to finish their course.
heads are turned : feel very vain.
perverted: get turned to a wrong use.
side shows : games etc. which are not a real part of college education
professional : doing a thing for a living.
swept off their feet : allow themselves to be carried away
see things at a long range : from a distance.
bluffer : one who bluffs to deceive others
drift : go aimlessly.
cold world : hard unsympathetic world.
burden of proof : obligation to prove a given statement.
see it whole: see life in a balanced way and from all
sides.
ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS
1. According to the author there are some boys who fail because they do not try.Who are they? Can we help them?
2. How does mistaken ambition on the part of boys and their parents lead to the failure of the boys?
3. There are some boys who have done well at school but fail to make their mark at college. Who are they? Do you' have such boys in college in your country?
4. How does financial pressure lead to the failure of students described in the lesson? Do you have similar cases in your country?
5. To what extent does the question of health lead to failure at college? How far can the college authorities with their medical officers help students in such cases?
6. What place would you accord to sportsmen in colleges?
7. There are some students who join college for the fun of it. Should they be allowed to stay?

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